How To Make a Prototype

Before 1880, every inventor had to present a working model or prototype of his or her invention to the patent office as part of the patent application. You do not have to submit a prototype anymore, however, prototypes are great for several reasons. Legally a prototype proves what is called a reduction to practice. The United States used to hold the  first to invent rule, granting a patent to the first inventor who conceives and reduces the technology or invention to practice, for example, a working prototype or a well-written description. Today the United States follows the first to patent rule. However, a prototype is invaluable for business dealings if your invention is still at that stage of funding. Do not underestimate the power of having one.You can include photos of your prototype in your inventors log book.A prototype helps you figure out any design flaws your invention has and if it really works.It can help you make sure your invention is the right size, shape, and form.A prototype helps you sell or license an invention. You can use it during demonstrations.Making one can prepare you to write your patent application and make your patent drawings. How to Make a Prototype Some of the steps listed below apply in different ways to different types of inventions, for example, a simple wooden toy vs a complex electronic device. Use your common sense to apply the steps in ways that make sense to your individual case. Make a drawing(s) of your invention. If available use the descriptions or drawing from your inventors log book. Keep all the sketches in your logbook.If you know how you might want to make a CAD drawing of your invention. Simple CAD (computer-aided design) programs exist that you might be able to use yourself.Make a non-working model of your invention out of foam, wood, metal, paper, cardboard. This will test your inventions size and form.Make or plan how to make a working model of your invention. Depending on your invention, you might be casting in metal or plastic. Write down all the materials, supplies and tools you may need and identify the steps needed to assemble your prototype. You might need simple to complex engineering drawings for any electronics. At this stage, you might want to pick up a book or kit on prototyping. You might need to contact professional for quotes on what any work you need to be done will cost.You have to figure out how much a working prototype will cost to make. Remember one copy might be very expensive to make. Mass production brings down the cost per unit. If you can make your own prototype and you can afford it, do it.Do your research on the latest methods and alternatives. For example, plastic injection molds are expensive, however, a method of CAD called Rapid Prototyping is an alternative.Depending on your invention, your prototype might be very expensive to make. If that is the case you might want to produce a virtual prototype. Today, computer programs can simulate an invention in 3D and can test that an invention does work. Virtual prototypes can be made by a professional and they cost a thousand or more. They can make you a video or CD animation of your invention working.You may have to create a real working model of your invention if perhaps a buyer or licensee demands one.You may have to hire a professional prototyper, engineer or designer at some point in this process. Our Prototyping Resources includes directories of professionals. Before Hiring a Prototype Maker Discuss your project thoroughly. Make sure that you can communicate well to this person.In advance, agree on fees for the entire project. Prototype makers can charge very high fees by the hour.Tell them exactly what you want to include with as many details as possible. Include your drawings and possibly your virtual prototype files.Make sure anyone you talk to signs a nondisclosure agreement with you before you publicly disclose your invention.

A Company Is Employing Greenwashing Tactics Essay

The participant illustrated this using the example that with the growing number of eco claims within the market, it shows this strategy to be working. According to the research participant the most obvious sign that a company is employing greenwashing tactics is the obvious use of environmental images, such as pure landscapes, with no context to the image. Additionally the participant pointed out that terms such as eco, or enviro-friendly would normally be used; however, the product will not supply evidence of this indicating the claim in unsubstantiated. Furthermore, companies may make broad claims giving consumers the perception that they possess an environmentally friendly element, without there being one, just the implication of one. According to the research participant, within New Zealand there are various forms of legal greenwashing, the example provided being the BNZ bank investing in a Kiwi recovery program, while at the same time investing in oil exploration. The participant also described legal greenwashing tactics as those using ambiguous claims by advertising and terms that imply nature, such as those which leave the consumer with the perception that it is good for the world only it is the opposite. Within New Zealand, according to the participant, the only instance where greenwashing is illegal is when the product implicitly claims to do something it does not. To explain this concept the research participant provided an example using theoretical soap, â€Å"‘usingShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Greenwashing As A Marketing Strategy1490 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the interview participant. Findings and Discussion Interview Findings From the research interview it was established that greenwashing as a marketing strategy is effective because there is an increasing amount of consumers concerned about the state of the environment and this creates a legitimate market. Primarily, this effectiveness is due to the fact that greenwashing has the capability to create and sustain a new market, as the interview participant mentioned that individuals who are concernedRead MorePerceptions And Perceptions Of Consumer Behavior Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesIn attitude-behaviour relationships, the Theory of Reasoned Action states that consumer behaviours are constructed by their attitudes, and the attitude itself is the result of the consumers’ perception (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975). With regards to greenwashing, research has found that this attitude-behaviour relationship could manipulate the perception of consumer (see table 2 for perceptions and explanations), for instance, perceived deception (Newell et al., 1998), per ceived scepticism (Albayrak etRead MoreGreening Energy Marketing1543 Words   |  6 Pagesrivers for the production of energy and commodities. Nevertheless, corporations often draw from symbolically rich environmental imagery and fasten it to advertising campaigns in an attempt to bolster a socially conscious image. In this process of â€Å"greenwashing†, corporations reputations and products are intimately linked to promotional culture by attempting to represent itself as sustainable, progressive, and trustworthy in the public eye while ignoring the implications of unethical production and excessiveRead MoreCsr Green Washing6648 Words   |  27 PagesResponsibility programs on brand image? In recent years CSR programs have become a marketer’s tool rather than the way a business should operate, with ethical trading in mind. These practices of making a product seem ‘Green’ when it is not are greenwashing and have had a major impact on consumer behaviour r egarding these products. To unearth the truth behind these practices an interview with a major at a Marriott hotel branch was conducted resulting in the overall impression that although the businessRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility - the Case of de Beers3225 Words   |  13 Pagesresponsible for their actions socially and environmentally. There is an increasing trend by businesses to adopt Corporate Social Responsibility Practices. This paper attempts to define the reasons why this is so, and what strategic issues are faced by companies who adopt these practices. The issue of Corporate Social Responsibility will then be highlighted in a case study of De Beers, the worlds leading diamond producer. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Ââ€" AN INTRODUCTION Research into the topic ofRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )2509 Words   |  11 PagesCorporate social responsibility (CSR), has been the centre of debate since the last decade, with the increase in technology and globalization, company policies have come under a lot of scrutiny. Although this issue is not relatively new but with the hype of increasing media coverage and in the wake of high profile corporate scandals (Enron, WorldCom) the emphasis has mounted (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013). Organizations play a vital and ever so increasing role in the lives of people, other organizationsRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesachieving desired responses from other parties. Answer: E Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 4) A social definition of marketing says ________. A) effective marketing requires companies to remove intermediaries to achieve a closer connection with direct consumers B) a company should focus exclusively on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and mass distribution to facilitate the broadest possible access to the companys products C) marketing is the process by

Trans-national tourism corporation Free Essays

string(73) " have a better connection with the local suppliers and the distributors\." Introduction There are various of interpretations to what Trans-national Tourism Corporation means. However, this essay will suggest that Trans-national Tourism Cooperation (TNC) as Hampton (2011) suggested that it has been defined as large firms with subsidiaries in 2 or more countries. Hall suggested that TNCs are where the organisational behaviour ideas are an approach for marketing and promotion in the global market. We will write a custom essay sample on Trans-national tourism corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mowforth and Munt states that 80% of mass tourism is dominated by TNCs and around 80% of tourists who travel by air to a less-developed country (LDC) will stay at hotels owned by TNCs. (Britton, 1991) TNCs benefits from vertical integration as it helps to reduce transaction cost because there is no ‘middle-man’ to deal with and the size of TNCs also mean that they will benefit from economies of scale. TNCs are also known as multinational companies. Tourism for the Trans-national co-operation is the centre point, and specifically more focused on Less Developing Countries. The first advantage of a TNC according to Mowforth and Munt Japanese Tourist arriving there from Tokyo. The tourist is transferred with a luxurious car Honda from the airport and stays at the Japanese owned Hotel as well as eats all the authentic Japanese food. However, travels back to Tokyo in the Hondo and explains that Japan is a good Third World destination. Furthermore, there could have been a BMW and an international hotel- but the point is argued that it is the main ownership that has made the benefit for the Tourism Industry. This now means that only the small proportion of the money is spent in the country itself so this connects to leakage as Mowforth and Munt adds that this does not just mean the purchase goods by the tourist in a destination also looks at goods and services by hotels and all other organisations. Leakage is not the main d of disadvantage for all financial aspects as Tourists itself but it is highly in use of Third World Countries. Mowforth and Munt say that the level of leakages is highly important the reason for this is this affects the economic power which is held by the TNCs for all local communities and government. What should be taken into account that due to not having a relevant collective data it is very difficult to calculate the leakage in a Tourist destination. Second advantage for a TNC in a poor country is having a TNC is powerful for the industrialisation especially for all the Asian countries where there needs to be rural development. Therefore, the government makes the farming prices quite low- and saves money; takes cheap food so the workers do not demand high wages. With the positive side to having a TNC this creates a good form of power for the poor people in LDCs as the TNCs clearly know the wants and the basic needs of the poor people and making sure they are getting what they deserve. (Madeley, J. 2003) A general advantage for the TNCs is having more a Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as this heavily benefits the Tourism factor. Nusa Dua in Bali is encouraging the TNCs to develop their restorts. FDIs are usually very good for funding for local or government projects that the country wants to run. This benefits Bali, by having a better economy, better jobs for the locals making Bali a better destination. This has helped Bali to succeed to be a better destination and improve its roads. This would mean more Tourists would now come into Bali and this will benefit them as a flourished economy. An disadvantage of a TNC reported by Pattullo in Mowforth and Munt (2005:51:-2)- this shows that there is a high level of leakage it is an overall of 50-70% but it states that for Jamaica it is 37% as this is known as more of a assorted economy therefore, the leakages here can be a lot lower then anywhere else. So this in general states that the money paid into the country never actually reaches the Third World Destination itself therefore, this is not a successful way for the country to expand economically. Another disadvantage is that all the First World Tourists who fly to a Third World Tourist destination- are mass tourists. The reason being for this is that they fly and possibly stay in a hotel which is TNS owned- these tourists may not form a mass or alternative tourism and may not be seeking for, adventure, wildlife and authenticity. This is not a huge factor but, mass tourism is becoming more of a straight focus however, they are being affected by the new, sustainable and alternative forms of tourists. An disadvantage of having a monopoly firm and the TNC being in control of this is being in contention with the mass tourism being contend of the Third World Tourism which often is different, and causes a lot of problems of dependency, and exchange leakages with under-developed economies by foreign owned enclaves. (Brohman, J 1996) So the important aspect of this is that the TNC must address the issue of sustainability. Carothers in Mowforth and Munt (1993:15) quoted that the final touches of the Earth Summit (agenda 21) the main focus was to remove the TNCs from the text of the Agenda 21. Agenda 21- is when there is aware of the environment being eco-friendly as well being sustainable. In the Third World Country it had to be clear that they knew what the term â€Å"multinational operate†. All the governments also needed to know what a Trans-national cooperation did for them was to gain more stability and have an increase in the legal rights. (Hamed, D 2005) The impact on all the human resources is an encouragement in employment and as the TNC has an increasing wage levels. The local firms- which are Tourism related (TNCs) make more connection with the suppliers and the distributors which makes a good business when they make the effort to have a better connection with the local suppliers and the distributors. You read "Trans-national tourism corporation" in category "Essay examples" However, there is no proof of how the TNC if they are crowding over the local firm. (Hamed, D 2005) Advantage of a TNC is that they are usually very small in most of the developing economies, because much of the involvement takes the non-equality forms. Some of the government assists the main development of the infrastructure itself. The new technology that can be introduced in a developing country and different management skills can make the Less Developing Country a lot better. (Hamed, D 2005) Another disadvantage stated by Mowforth and Munt is that the British tour operators are not aware of visiting Burma the reason being for the unawareness is purely the ethical reasons. As hotels were being built by the TNCs- Asia countries of: Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and Thailand, with also French and Swiss Interests were very involved. Tourism in Burma is a good example of with a lot of interest to the government itself. But in many Less Developed countries the government and the TNCs and the case of Burma itself (SPDC) enlisted the assistance of this body. However, the clarity of the human rights and the nature and the culture Tourism and the leaflets of the tourism companies will praise all its virtues. Mowforth and Munt acknowledge that it is very important that the understanding and the issue of power is transparent strong if the destination wants a development. The TNCs commonly under the impression that the community has a strong and that the locals are in work by the power for the rest of the national government. This is a case some but not all. But the policies of the national government itself are in some situations influenced by the external organisations. The policies for the development of tourism are largely suitable for profits and for First World investors rather then the communities and the government itself. Another strong case study to support this essay is that the FDI- has been considered towards a strong factor of the economic development. The TNCs in the imports industry especially for Argentina and Brazil, there has been a strong relation of the TNCs being involved in the manufacturing industry just before the recent FDI boom took place. (Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) The TNCs in Argentina and Brazil showed a significant amount of performance with a high level of technology and the productivity which was related to the TNCs. But, for the domestic market they wanted to take advantage of their own domestic markets itself. However, the TNCs did its best and used its own strategies for all different areas for all its economic development for the host country itself.There had been a huge number of arrivals of the FDI itself for all the presences of the TNCs as the economies increased in the 1990s. In this particular case Argentina and Brazil gained a very strong level with all the TNCs which were present. All the investments made by the TNCs aimed to increase all the assets, and with a better market. ( Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) As competition becomes more of a wider spread- the TNC then has simple integration strategies. All the TNC searches are done very effectively with a range of assets in all the different locations. More than 50% of the TNCs sales In Brazil as compared with the number of sales itself as these were hardly even 25% the figure seems significantly low. Since the Brazilian Industry- it is not a major surprise to find that the TNCs in the country are more of an export orientated then of Argentina itself. The TNCs within the groups are Tourist operated with a much of a generally larger coefficients in Argentina and Brazil. ( Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) ( Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) suggests that the Brazilian Tourist Industry itself has much of a widespread the reason being for this is due to the number of linkages between the elements of being spread around than Argentina. In general this suggests that the TNCs have looked at the domestic market itself rather than the any of the human resources itself. This means that the TNCs have their goods that are more strategic in relationship to the firm’s performance at all national and regional level. In Argentina the TNCs clearly affect the imports and the exports. This is due to the relationship of all the sales and a result of a down side in the negative foreign trade balances. In Brazil similarly the TNCs for all the domestic firms are at a higher rate and grow incredibly faster. In Argentina and Brazil there has been an FDI (Foreign Directive Investment) which has helped the TNCs become more recognised as a main leader in Argentina and Brazil. The key linkages between the Foreign Directive Investment and The Foreign Trade show that the TNCs have had a bigger contribution than all the national firms itself. However, there is a higher chance for the imports with the local enterprises. From, the whole research of Brazil and Argentina the TNCs have had a lot less linkages with the local community itself then the domestic firms. From the research Brazil and Argentina has TNCs but with a reduce amount of linkages with the local community itself than the domestic firms. ( Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A 2004) In conclusion to this essay despite the fact the concerns over TNCs on the Less Developed Country having TNCs are very beneficial for a host country. Additionally, the government has to make sure that they are fully in power with this and this situation should not be changed around as the government should be powerful enough to help a host country. Every point that was discussed in this essay has some understanding to the aspect of the impacts and the implications of the TNCs in some LDCs. From the understanding of the TNCs it is felt that International Tourists tend to understand better to what TNCs do and how they will profit the Less Developed countries- due to the complications in an Less Developed Country not having enough educated people therefore, the International Tourists will look at the wider focus of the capitalist mode as the product if recognised can not be in separation. (Jenkins, R 1987) References Brohman, J (1996) New Directions in Tourism for Third World Development (Online), 23 (1), 48-70 Available from: http://www.stepuptravel.org/downloads/library/new_directions_for_tourism_in_third_world.pdf (Accessed 23 March 2011) Chudnovsky, D and Lopez, A (2004) Trans-national Corporations Strategies and Foreign Trade Patterns in Mercosur Countries in the 1990s (Online), Cambridge Journal of Economics 28 (5), 1-18, Available from: http://www.law.wisc.edu/gls/documents/foreign_investment_recommended2.pdf (Accessed 21 February 2011) Hamed, D (2005) What is Agenda 21(Online). Avaliable from: http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/external/la21/index.htm (Accessed 20 March 2011) Hampton, M. (2011) Lecture Slide 6 on Trans-national Tourism Jenkins, R, Fist Edition (1987) Trans-national Corporations and Uneven Development. London Madeley, J. 2003 Transnational Corporations and Developing Countries Big Business Poor Peoples (Online) The Courier ACP-EU no 196 January-February 2003 Available from: (http://ec.europa.eu/development/body/publications/courier/courier196/en/en_036_ni.pdf) [Accessed 30 March 2011] Mowforth, M., and Munt, I Third Edition (2008) Tourism and Sustainability Development, Globalisation and New Tourism in the Third World War. Routledge, London Scheyvens, R. (2002) Tourism for Development. Prentice Hall, London. Harrison, D., (2001) Tourism and the Less Developed World. CABI, Wallingford. How to cite Trans-national tourism corporation, Essay examples